Public Health Proposal

basisPopulation growth is one of the major ch entirelyenges the world is facing at present. The growing state may have significant impacts in wellness and economy of the country. Hence, it is necessary to address the issues raised in wellness and economy due to growing nation. Identifying the exact cause and issues associated with population growth provide help to specifically address these issues and implement strategies to minimize their consequences. In this report, many of the major issues associated with the growing population of unusedham, the jobs faced by population of different era hosts living this atomic number 18a, as well as their potential health and stinting challenges have been extensively reviewed and attempted to identify. Major issues of Newham residents including exit, health and well-being are individually reviewed with the analysis of info. to a greater extent specifically, this report focuses the profile of Newham residents in greater detail to un derstand the demographic challenges (total population, population density, heathenal variation etc.) and opportunities for delivering sustainable economic growth. Furthermore, emphasis is given on the issues of deprivation ( pauperism by ethnic free radical, duration, intensity etc.) and health and well-being ( flavor anticipation and rachiticness, access to public health etc.)Background and contextNewham is a gamely take borough with full(prenominal) rates of deprivation that affects children and older population of it. But importantly, currently Newham has a young and divers(prenominal) population that is active agent working age population. However, the population of Newham has been describe to be rising in a significantly noble rate ( local anaesthetic economic assessment 2010-2027). Furthermore, the poverty of in Newham is reported to be high. Also, the life expectancy of hoi polloi living in Newham is lower when compared to the throng living in other move of Lo ndon, suggesting the existence of health and well-being issues in Newham. Thus, it seems important to review and address every single part that is associated with deprivation, poverty and health and well-being of Newham population (Local economic assessment 2010-2027).2.1 Population in Newham (size, ethnicity, religion and age)Newham has a diverse range of people with different ethnicities, languages and culture. According to the 2011 census, the population of Newham was reported to be 307,984. This human body was the highest of all inner London boroughs, and the 7th highest in greater London (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013).The census of 2011 also reported the 23.5% increase in the Newham population than counted in 2001, which is also the second highest growth in the country (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013). One of the major performers for high population growth in Newham could be the high in-migration from close towns and cities. Moreover, number of asylum seekers and refuges ar e predicted to be high in Newham although no exact figure has been keep back yet by the home office (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013).People with different ethnicities reside in Newham that accommodate the mixture of Asian, egg white and African people. Thirty different ethnic communities with 300 spoken languages is the main sport of Newham population (Harris, 2008). Surprisingly, only 16.7% of British ( black-and-blue) reside in Newham. The figure seems quite high for Bangladeshi and dense African population. Census of 2011 also reported that Newham has a mixture of people flowing different religions, with legal age of people following Christianity (40%). opposite major religions in Newham include Islam and Hinduism.Despite of several(prenominal) pitfalls, Newham has one of the youngest age structures in England and Wales (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013). The figure suggests that 68% of people living in Newham are within the age group of 16-59, suggesting Newham has a high d imension of active working age population. The rest 32% make up the children and aged population. Coming to the gender division in the population, Newham has the male population of 52% and distaff population of 47.9% (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013).2.2 Employment and economic statusMore than 68% of Newham populations are classed as economically active disrespect of high percentage of young and working age population (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013). This is mainly because unemployment rate of Newham is proportionally higher than of London and other Britain citiesThe most shocking fact of Newham is that only very 53.6% of young-bearing(prenominal) population in Newham is reported to be economically active, which provides the principle behind the low economy of Newham, other figure which is most shocking is that among those who were economically inactive, did not want an employment. Moreover, the data suggests that 19% of economically inactive people could not work due to long t erm illness, suggesting health as another major factor for Newhams poor economy. Moreover, Newham has a fewer workers in management and professional occupations, suggesting a shortage of practiced workers. Also, full time workers in Newham are only 66.3%, which seems significantly low (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013).To conclude, despite of high percentage of working age population, low employment rate seems one of the prominent factors behind the poor economy of Newham. High population growth rate, long term illness and less involvement of female in the employment are some of the main rationales behind low employment rate of Newham.2.3 expiration Deprivation is measured by analyzing the employment rate, education level, health status and disability and housing. According to the might of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), the borough of Newham was ranked 3rd most derived city in England. Poverty seems to be high and growing in Newham. More so, child poverty is considered to be a major pr oblem in Newham. 32% of the borough children were reported to be living in poverty, with household earning less than 60% of median cabbage (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013).Coming to the housing in Newham, it is reported that Newham is ranked bottom in England in its households proportion with only 2 people, and first in households with more than 5 people. Cencus 2011 reported that household in Newham is of 3 persons in average, which was still higher than the average in England and Wales. In concomitant, 27% of houses in Newham were not arrange to be under standard living condition. Furthermore, homeless is another major issue that Newham is facing, which is about 1.1 homeless households per thousand households (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013).Health and well-being pauperizationsIssues associated with health are arguably the greatest problem the Newham population is facing at present. Health of Newham people is poor, as well as life expectancy is reported to be lower than of aver age England population, this could be linked with poor employment rate and poverty living in Newham.Cardiovascular unhealthiness trunk the major cause of deaths in Newham population, which kills about 30% of Newham people. This is followed by cancer and respiratory diseases, which are responsible for 25% and 12% deaths in Newham population (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013).There could be several risk factors that are associated with cardiovascular disease in Newham. In addition to direct risk factors such as smoking, obesity, diet and high blood pressure, diverse ethnicity could be another major factor for high rate of cardiovascular disease death in Newham, which is suggested in several studies A get word by Mathur (2011) suggested that the burden of cardiovascular disease varies by ethnicity. They also suggested that people who immigrate from southerly Asian countries to Western countries have the higher rates of coronary heart disease compared to White and African people. In the study they suggested that coronary heart disease causes about 40% of deaths in South Asians. Moreover, poor health literacy, socioeconomic deprivation and organization barriers could be the cause for high CVD in Newham population (Claydon, 2013). Thus, it seems obvious that ethnicity is the major risk factor for the high rate of cardiovascular disease in Newham. Genetics, as well as dietary factors could have a link with certain ethnic groups in Newham that spark heart disease in them.The correlation between diabetes and CVD is well established (Punthakee, 2007). The excessive level of glucose and its metabolites in the circulation and low level of insulin secretion can directly induce toxic effects on vascular endothelium resulting in endothelium dysfunction, lipid abnormalities and inflammation (Punthakee, 2007). Claydon (2013) suggested that diabetes is more prevalent in areas of socioeconomic deprivation. Newham being one such area seems to have high prevalence of diabetes and associated cardiovascular disease. In the study they also suggested that people from ethnic minority group in a deprived London borough with the problems of poor health literacy, socioeconomic deprivation and organization barriers could significantly impact their health. Furthermore, it suggested that mortality rate of diabetes itself is in Newham population is higher than the England average. Ethnicity being a major risk factor for diabetes may have been associated with high mortality rate due to diabetes in Newham.However, the risk factor high prevalence of respiratory disease on Newham population still remains unexplained. Although a study by Martin, et.al (2012) showed that ethnicity is associated with degenerative obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), a form of chronic respiratory disease, interestingly, the disease was seen less prevalent in people of Asian and African origin compared to White people. One reason behind this could be that in their study, White people were recorded to be active chain smokers compared to Asian and African people, which was the another major finding in their study. Thus, it still seems unclear what could be the major factor for high prevalence of respiratory disease in Newham where majority of people are of Asian and African origin and demands further study.Harriss and Salway (2008) suggested the social and economic consequences of long-term illnesses including cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease, arthritis and affable disease for deprived groups and ethnic minority group. They suggested that these groups have the highest rates of long term illnesses, which further provides the rationale behind high rates of cardiovascular disease, cancer and respiratory disease in Newham population. However, the finding was strange in a study by Pavalin (2007) who comparatively studied the socio-economic inequalities in health between Newham and UK. The study suggested that despite having higher prevalence of poor he alth and high service use, the relative effects of socio-economic inequalities to be similar to those in the UK, suggesting no major impact of socio-economic inequalities in the health of people living in Newham.Newham also has a high rate of communicable diseases. The rate of HIV infection in Newham is high (0.56%). This figure is significantly higher than in England (0.11%). Not surprisingly, 65% of infected are black Africans. early(a) infectious diseases including tuberculosis, measles, mumps, salmonella, hepatitis A and B are higher in Newham. Overall, the rate of communicable disease in Newham is found to be 124 per 100,000 (NHS Newham, 2011). Other health issues associated with obesity, smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity are also found to be high in Newham population (NHS Newham, 2011).AnalysisAfter having reviewed the available literature and reports on Newham and its associated problems, the following data have been collected for analysis. elude 1 shows the comparative details of employment status of Newham residents in 2011-2012Table 1 Employment status of Newham population, London and big(p) Britain (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013). %NewhamLondonGreat Britain Economically active67.775.576.7 In employment57.268.670.5 Employees48.656.360.5 Self-employed7.811.99.6 Unemployed (model-based)13.78.97.9The comparative data for life expectancy in Newham, London, England and UK population is shown in table 2.Table 2 manners expectancy comparison of Newham population with London, England and UK population (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013). Female career Expectancy Male Life Expectancy Newham81.176.2 London83.379.0 England82.678.6 UK82.378.2Table 3 compares the occupations of Newham people with occupations of people in London and overall in Great Britain.Table 3 Occupations of people living in Newham, London and Great Britain (Aston-Mansfields report, 2013). % NewhamLondonGreat Britain Soc 2010 major group 1-3 33.354.643.5 1 Managers, directors and senio r officials 6.011.610.1 2 Professional occupations 18.524.819.1 3 Associate professional & technical 8.517.914.0 Soc 2010 major group 4-5 24.518.121.9 4 Administrative & secretarial 13.010.611.0 5 Skilled trades occupations 11.37.410.8 Soc 2010 major group 6-7 18.713.617.3 6 Caring, leisure and Other Service occupations 10.67.29.1 7 Sales and customer service occupations 7.96.38.1 Soc 2010 major group 8-9 23.513.717.4 8 Process be & machine operatives 5.74.56.4 9 Elementary occupations 17.69.110.9 The boroughs with the highest rates of premature death are all in the midland East & South Lambeth, Islington, Hackney and Tower Hamlets all have rates above 210 per 100,000. Newham stays on the sixth highest position in high premature death rate among all the boroughs (Trust for London and New Policy Institute, 2010).Figure1 Comparison of premature death in different boroughs in UK RecommendationsIt seems that health issues of Newham people are lot more serious compared to some other c ities in the UK. Thus, individual issue needs to be addressed to minimize the mortality associated with poor health in Newham. Furthermore, population growth, unemployment and poverty are some of the additional factors that have impacted on the health of Newham people.Government should create more job opportunities that will help to reduce the poverty and maintain a standard quality life. reality health polices, plans and strategies need to be implemented to solve the major issues of premature death and infectious diseases.Some of these approaches could be advance people for routine vaccinations for major infectious diseases such as measles, tuberculosis and hepatitis. Moreover, to minimize the deaths associated with cardiovascular disease, people should be encouraged to quit smoking, eat healthy diet, perform daily physical exercise and evoke ways to control diabetes and high blood pressure.REFERECNESClaydon, A, Richards, D.C and Hill, M. (2013).Article. Living with diabetes A qualitative review of minority ethnic groups in a deprived London borough. 17(3), 95-100.Harriss, K and Salway, S. (2008). Better Health Briefing 8. Long-term ill health, poverty and ethnicity.Mathur, R, Hull, S.A, Badric, E, Robson, J. (2011). Research article. Cardiovascular multimorbidity the effect of ethnicity on prevalence and risk factor management. 61(586), 262-270.Mathur, R, Hull, S.A, Badric, E, Robson, J. (2012). Research. Effect of ethnicity on the prevalence, severity, andmanagement of COPD in general practice. 76-81NHS Newham, 2010. 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(2012). Diabetic medicine. Introducing personalized care planning into Newham outcomes of a pilot project.29(8), 1074-1078.