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Breast Feeding Essay examples - 1991 Words

Breast Feeding The fertility regulating effect of breastfeeding has been known for underestimated. This has been due mostly to the lack of knowledge of the events associated with breastfeeding that determine its contraceptive effect. It is now known that breastfeeding per se is not a particularly effective or reliable means of contraception. On the other hand, the period of amenorrhea associated with breastfeeding, commonly referred to as lactional amenorrhea, provides an important degree of contraceptive effect. Physiology of Contraceptive Effect of Breast Feeding „h Endocrine Responses to Breastfeeding The physiological response to suckling at the breast is not local, but is mediated hormonally through†¦show more content†¦Their data suggest that prolactin concentration might provide a sensitive index of the return of menstruation and fertility during lactation. According to their model, serum prolactin concentration at any week after delivery is dependent on:- 1. Some fixed early perinatal rate of decline in concentration. 2. The number of weeks that unsupplemented breastfeeding continued. 3. The number of weeks of supplemented breastfeeding. 4. The number of weeks since the onset of weaning. The model assumes that ovulatory cycles would ensue once the average serum prolactin concentration has fallen to a threshold below which ovulation suppression no longer can be maintained. The hypothesis that the pattern of suckling stimulation determines the extent of the fertility suppressing effect was suggested in a review by McNeilly et al. Wood et al. developed a similar hypothesis in relation to their study of the Gainj people of New Guinea. The authors suggested that a pre-nursing concentration of prolactin will be re-established in about three hours unless another nursing episode intervenes. They base their reasoning on the observation thta serum prolactin concentration peaks within thirty minutes of initiation of nursing and the understanding that prolactin is removed from circulation with aShow MoreRelatedWhat is Breast Feeding? Essay872 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is breast feeding? Feeding the baby with naturally produced milk, from the mother’s breasts is called breast feeding. This milk is produced from the ducts located in the females’ breasts. This process of feeding the baby is also called lactation. This process can continue for more than six months. Some babies are too dependent on lactation. Their mothers are able to produce natural milk for several months. The span of production of breast milk depends quite on the demands of the baby and itsRead MoreBreast Feeding Vs. Formula Feeding1111 Words   |  5 PagesSoto 1 Melissa Soto Human Development Professor Daniel Marron 13 February 2015 Breast feeding vs. formula feeding One of the most imperative decision as an expectant mother is deciding whether to formula feed or breastfeed their newborn. Organizations including World Health Organization (WHO), American Medical Association (AMA), and American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advocate breastfeeding as the advantageous option for newborns. Most of these organizations and other supporters of breastfeedingRead MoreThe Benefits Of Breast Feeding902 Words   |  4 Pages The Benefits of Breast Feeding Since the invention of formula mothers have had trouble deciding how best to go about feeding their children. Each mother has their own preferred feeding technique, some of whom chose to use both feeding methods depending on the situation. For some mothers breast feeding is not a viable option for reasons such as lactation issues, busy schedules, and secondary care givers (Health Psychology). For those mothers whom are able and willing to breast feed their infantsRead MoreBreast Feeding Versus Bottle Feeding886 Words   |  4 PagesBreast Feeding Versus Bottle Feeding There are many different myths and opinions about breast-feeding and how it is beneficial for a child, some women and even men choose to view the breast as a sexual object, although in reality it is meant for the purpose of nourishing an infant. As for the other half of women around the world, many believe breast-feeding is the most natural way to feed a child as they receive the vitamins and minerals a youngster needs to grow up strong. Breast-Feeding and BottleRead MoreBreast Feeding vs Bottle Feeding2073 Words   |  9 PagesBreastfeeding versus Formula Feeding Your family is expecting a newborn baby within the next couple of months. This event in someone’s life will change their lives forever and can be a very exciting and exhausting change. Although you may be excited and impatient for the baby’s arrival, this event can cause a lot of stress on the family. While your lives are completely changing; there are things you need to do to prepare yourself and there are many important decisions that need to be made. DecisionsRead MoreBreast Feeding versus Bottle Feeding562 Words   |  2 Pagesrelevant facts. Feeding a baby could be done either as breast feeding or bottle feeding. Breast feeding is the feeding of a baby directly from the breast milk of a female human breast whereas bottle feeding is referred to as feeding a baby with milk from a nursing bottle. Many people argue that breast feeding is the most beneficial way of feeding a baby. In contrast to this view, others argue that there is not any real significant differe nce between breast feeding and bottle feeding. Therefore, inRead MoreBreast Feeding Across Cultures871 Words   |  4 PagesBreast feeding has been in practice for a very long time, as early as 2000 BC. Before the invention of formula, bottles, and pumps this was the safest most common way for a mother to feed their infants. In fact, for 99% of human history breast milk was the sole source of nutrition for children until the age of two. In today’s society there are many different and opposing personal stand points on where or not a mother should breast feed their children. It is a very controversial topic with many variablesRead MoreEssay Breast Feeding Is Best1577 Words   |  7 PagesBreast Feeding Is Best Breast feeding not only provides the perfect food and food delivery system for infants, it is also the most family friendly choice a new mother can make. Human breast milk contains at least one hundred ingredients not found in cows milk and that cannot be exactly duplicated in commercial formulas (Eisenburg 3). As a baby grows and changes, breast milk automatically individualizes itself for each infant. The nutrients in breast milk alterRead MoreBreast Feeding Vs. The Bottle1326 Words   |  6 PagesBreast-feeding vs. The Bottle: The Decision is yours â€Å"Some mothers have to give up breastfeeding even though they want to breastfeed. To give up breastfeeding can be a sensitive issue in a time when breastfeeding is promoted as the healthiest for mother and child† (Larsen Kronborg, 2013, p. 848). The debate over whether breast-feeding is better than bottle-feeding or vice versa has been a debate for many years. With more and more research that is continuously being developed, the option to breast-feedRead MoreEssay on Breast Feeding is Best1001 Words   |  5 PagesArgumentative Breast is Best   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If one chooses to have a child, shouldn’t he or she be obligated to do what is best for that child? There are many important choices to make for that child, and some may be more difficult than others. Hospital or home birth? Pampers or Huggies? Crib or family bed? But when it comes to feeding, the choice is clear. Breast-feeding is the best choice that mothers can make for themselves and their child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not everyone agrees that breast-feeding is the best choice

Maestro and the distinctively visual free essay sample

Through the exploration of the texts Maestro, by Peter Goldsworthy, and The Falling Man, by Richard Drew, the emergence of imagery deciphers and projects the varying meanings of each text. Through distinctively visual language features in the novel Maestro, images are created which help convey the major theme of the text; relationships. This is contrasted by the visual techniques in the image of The Falling Man, capturing a moment of terror in history. Both texts similarly consist of the raw and honest effects of war on humanity. Goldsworthy uses the characterisation of Keller and his relationship with Vienna to capture the effects of war; the Holocaust. Knowledge of this historical context allows responders to understand why Keller is so reserved and unwilling to talk of his past. Goldsworthy uses Keller as a symbol of the effects of war on humanity and of loss. It is evident through the photograph of his family that war brings the loss of people’s most cared-about things in life. We will write a custom essay sample on Maestro and the distinctively visual or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The use of emotive language as Keller picks up the picture creates empathy in the responder and allows people to relate to the destruction of relationships by one means or another. The fact that Keller has no little finger is a symbolic gesture of defiance of war. Paul’s description: â€Å"A gold ring on the stump seemed to deliberately flaunt its absence†. This is creates a very confronting image, and is enhanced later in the novel where it is told that Keller cut it off himself in retaliation to playing piano for Hitler. The effects of war are also a prominent in the image, The Falling Man, relating to the September 11 terror attacks. The use of colour, the contrast of light and dark shadows, immediately is symbolic of two sides; of good against evil; binary opposites. This is in contrast to Goldsworthy using language which creates the most colourful and lively images to convey his message. The word â€Å"Falling† in the title is not only a representation of the towers falling and the man falling, but also the effect the whole event had on society. America, at that moment, ‘fell’. Individual lives destroyed; families no longer intact; the whole world came to a standstill. The idea of innocent lives copping the major effects of war is reflected in Maestro through Keller’s wife and child. The man in the centre is the salient image, therefore immediately drawing the viewer’s eyes to him. This intentional use of framing highlights the man’s significance; he is a symbol of each and every life that was lost during the 9/11. Both texts create incredibly realistic images which capture the way in which war impacts on human kind. A common ideal in both texts is the aspect of choice. Keller’s choice to live and teach in Darwin is highlighted through Paul’s words â€Å"†¦money was the least of his worries. Clearly he didn’t have to teach. His contempt was fuelled by feelings far more complicated and contradictory than I had thought†¦ His exile was chosen, not forced upon him. † This ideal of choice is also reflected in The Falling Man through his body language and clothing. The way his body is positioned and his posture gives an illusion of peace and serenity. The white clothing further symbolises innocence and purity. Hence both texts portray people who have chosen their own ending; another clear defiance of war.

Unilever Sales Distribution Plan Essay Example

Unilever Sales Distribution Plan Essay Sales Distribution Hindustan unilever Document Transcript 1. December SALES DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF HINDUSTAN UNILEVER 21, 2008 Sales Distribution Network of Hindustan Uni Lever (HUL)- DOVE bathing Soap (Region: Kolkata) A marketing channel performs the work of moving goods from producers to consumers. It overcomes the time, place, and possession gaps that separate goods and services from those who need or want them. Members of the marketing channel perform a number of key functions like forward flow of activity from the company to the customers(goods) backward flow from customers to company (order, Payment). FMCG major HUL is the subsidiary of UNILEVER with a market capitalization of $ 14 billion. HUL owns 35 of India’s 150 most trusted powerful brands and is Market Leader across categories †¢ Fabric wash, Personal wash, Dish wash, hair wash, skin applications, Talcum powders, packet tea, Jams †¢ Number two: Toothpaste, instant coffee, ketchup The sales and distribution challenge of HUL HUL caters to Seven million distinct outlets across India (one for every 29 households) and 59% of these stores are in rural India. HUL directly services over 1 million stores and has a network of over 7000 Stockists and distributors. 1 2. December SALES DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF HINDUSTAN UNILEVER 21, 2008 HUL’s Approach to Distribution Direct Coverage Indirect Coverage Streamline Distribution 2 3. December SALES DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF HINDUSTAN UNILEVER 21, 2008 S D of HUL in Kolkata Hindustan Unilever in Kolkata covers the consumers mainly with the combination of CF and stockists who indirectly deal with the Retail outlets. We will write a custom essay sample on Unilever Sales Distribution Plan specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Unilever Sales Distribution Plan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Unilever Sales Distribution Plan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The company which is headquartered in Mumbai has appointed M/s Mitra Logistic Pvt. Ltd as the C F agent for Easter region (West Bengal, Assam, Orrisa Bihar). C F agents can be classified into 2 types, one with investment and the other without investment. The without investment CF agents are mere Forwarding agents and act as the transporter to the company. M/s Mitra Logistic Pvt. Ltd is a forwarding agent on behalf of HUL. The CF agent then supplies the goods to the authorized stockists . These Stockists are also classified into 2 categories called U1 and U2. U1 U2 The stockists are classified as U1 and U2 stockist on the basis of the products that they stock. E. g. U1 stockist generally stocks products like surf and ponds whereas the U2 stockist deals with high profile products of HUL like Lakme and Dove. The stockiest is HUL system are commonly referred to as Re Stockist (RS). In Kolkata there are approximately 7 U1 Stockists and 5 U2 Stockists. These are appointed for a particular region of the city. Each Stockist is then responsible for distributing the goods to the retail counters in his region. On an average Each Stokist caters to 700-900 retail outlets of the city. The retailers then provide the goods to consumers. The depending upon the type of products, sales, turnover and the number of retail counters a stockist is dealing with, the company has classified the stores into Super Value Stores Smart/ FLO Unicare Vijeta U2 The stockist is also responsible for dealing with Modern retail outlets like shopper stop and pantaloon. The stockist also supplies the goods to CSD Canteens and bills them for the same and the difference in the amount is reimbursed by the company. The Stockist which I visited was supplying to the CSD Canteen Fort William of Kolkata. 3 4. December SALES DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF HINDUSTAN UNILEVER 21, 2008 ‘Direct-to-Consumer’ Distribution Project â€Å"Sangam Direct†- a non-store home delivery retail business was conceptualized (2001) and test marketed by HLL in Mumbai. Sangam operates a dedicated call centre with trained personnel in Mumbai. The centre after procuring orders from customers passes them on for execution to a network of re-distribution agents. This model, which does not call for owning a physical warehousing or selling facility, offers the twin benefits of convenience and value to its customers. HLL, after understanding and analyzing consumer response, wanted to take the idea across the country. Diagrammatic representation o the Distribution Channel HUL CF STOCKIST CSD CANTEENS RETAIL OUTLET MODERN TRADE CONSUMER CONSUMER CONSUMER 4 5. December SALES DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF HINDUSTAN UNILEVER 21, 2008 Sales force behind the Distribution channel The distribution channel cannot be successful without a good sales force. In the case of HUL Kolkata the sales were co-ordinated by Area sales manager (ASM), Activation Manager (AM), and a Territory Sales Incharge (TSI). These people were working on behalf of HUL and were a Link between the stockist and the company. The goods moved to the stockist’s godown by the company’s Truck. The stockist then appointed a (Re Stockist Salesman) RSSM who was responsible for collecting the orders payments from the retail outlets. The Stockist which I visited had 11 sales man, 6 people in the warehouse, and 11 delivery man. The delivery was made by either cycle or through a van depending upon the size of the order. The sales were monitored by the way of MOC . They had 12 MOC’s per annum and the stockist has 3TDP’s (21st-30th/1st-10th/11-20th of a month). The lead time for delivery from the company was 1 day. The orders were placed online using the CRM software of unilever called â€Å"UNIFY†. Evaluation/ Selection of Channel Members The stockist were selected with a proper evaluation on the factors like the investment capacity, Number of retail stores covered, Appropriate Sales force, and Infrastructure. I also noticed that the company’s policy is to work in advance payment mode. To ensure this the company maintained a stock of signed blank cheques of the stockist and these cheques were presented to the bank upon the receipt of order and generation of the bill. Normally 20 cheque leaves were maintained by the company and any decrease in this level was communicated to the stockist. Ecommerce Marketing Practices The company heavily relies on Electronic means of communications for running the business. The entire Sales and distribution channel is integrated through eCRM software called â€Å"UNIFY† which are installed in every PC system of the CF, Stockist. The company has up to date record of the inventory position of all the stockists. A stockist is required to maintain a minimum level of inventory. If the stock position goes below a critical level order is automatically triggered and the company sends the goods to the stockist. All operations thus take place online. 5 6. December SALES DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF HINDUSTAN UNILEVER 21, 2008 Unconventional Marketing Channel Looking at the booming retail sector of India and the success of retail business of Pantaloon and shopper stop I would like to suggest a distribution channel on similar lines. I would suggest that HUL opens a specialty store which houses all the brands of HUL under one roof. These stores should be located near the strategic locations so that the people do not have to cover a long distance to reach the store. Since HUL has a diverse product line it will a huge success and it would be commercially viable also