The conceptual models of human resource management Essay Example For Students

The conceptual models of human resource management Essay Human Resource Management is an organisational activity, meant to be after, pull off, steer and command the maps involved in procurance, development, care, and use of the staff, for carry throughing each degree marks. The basic seven ( 7 ) managerial undertakings that human resources ( HR ) section has to cover with are: We will write a custom essay on The conceptual models of human resource management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 1. Staffing. 2. Performance Appraisals. 3. Compensation and Benefits. 4. Training and Development. 5. Employee and Labor Relations. 6. Safety and Health. 7. Human Resource Research. Human resource Renaissance mans and specializers can be parts of the large organisations HRM staffing. The HR Renaissance man is portion of all the seven HRM maps, while the HR specializer may be portion of any one of them. Prior to the seven undertakings treatments, understanding the occupation analysis is necessary. HR analyses the work proficiency, exact actions and Intelligence demands of the occupation put to deathing resources, in Job Analysis. Three evidences back uping Job Analysis are: While new startup While new occupation creative activity While occupation alteration. Two cardinal tools playing critical function in Job definition are: Describing the Occupation: Job description is about stipulating non merely the occupation function and occupation duties but besides a list of skill set required and technical/non-technical facets of the Job. Requirements of the Job/ Job Specification ( Mondy and Noe, 1996 ) : Job Specification is about gauging the basic sum of instruction and needed experience to put to death the undertaking. Outline1 Staff Management2 Compensation and Benefits3 Tax returns and benefits4 Training to better Performance5 Employee Relationss6 Human Resource Models7 Figure 2 Schemes of HRM8 The Matching Model9 Figure 3 Matching Model10 Human Resource Models11 Control-Based Model12 The Resource-Based Model13 Figure 414 The Integrative theoretical account:15 Figure 5 Dimensions of HR Strategy16 Undertaking 217 Psychological Contract and the Foundation for Adaptive Schemes18 Manpower Planning19 The two cardinal constituents of Manpower planning are20 Sequence Planing21 Employee turnover22 Recruitment23 Deciding on Footings of Appointment24 Choice of Campaigners25 Probation26 Performance Management27 Cardinal Components28 Motivation29 Performance Appraisal30 Promotion31 Guidance and Supervision32 Training and Development33 Training34 Development35 Staff Relationss36 Management Information System37 The Way Ahead38 Advantages of Human Resource Planning39 Restriction of HRP40 Decision Staff Management Staff Management is possible with occupation description and occupation specification. As per the organisational demands for engaging new resources, occupation hire specifications are defined like appellation, occupation station, registration day of the month, and section. In large organisations, HR takes attention of all these activities. HR posts pre created occupation specifications, for occupation demand, may be internal occupation switch or engaging external campaigner or both. Technical Manager ( s ) has to interview the shortlisted campaigners, to guarantee whether the campaigner is eligible for the occupation station and so to carry through the demand. Performance Appraisals To actuate the resources whose public presentation is good and who carry throughing the given duties as per outlooks are encouraged by supplying periodic increases or Appraisals. These assessments are given based on public presentation rating of the resources, to hike up their future public presentation. HR plays the function of scrutinizing the resource public presentation, wok truth, promptness, behaviour in critical incidents, managing the feverish work state of affairss, and others, to make up ones mind the assessments for the resources. HR can besides roll up employee reappraisals from their line directors by inquiring about their public presentation. As per the evaluations gained by the employee by their directors, or group of directors, and self audit done by HR, the Performance Appraisals are given to the employees. Compensation and Benefits Compensation is payment in the signifier of an hourly wages/annual wages and extra benefits such as, pensions, holiday, ill yearss, insurance, modified workweek, stock options, etc. In the ideal state of affairs, employees feel they are paid what they are deserving, are rewarded with sufficient benefits, and have some intrinsic satisfaction.Compensation should be legal and ethical, equal, motivation, just and just, cost-efficient lucrative, and able to supply employment security. Tax returns and benefits HR Activities besides include pull offing the attack towards employee benefits and compensation, employee records and forces policies. Tax returns / Compensation is paid as hourly rewards with paid foliages, insurance coverage, retirement fund, type of benefits. This may assist the employees to experience that they are acquiring rewarded for their first-class work and hence may make feeling of satisfaction and security. Supplying just, principled, inspiring, moneymaking, encouraging sort of Returns to the employees gives them surety of working at the right topographic point. Training to better Performance Training the hired resources may assist to better the public presentation degree. The resources can update their accomplishments, work techniques, and methodological analysis. Besides proper preparation enables the resources to larn new constructs, get the hanging the engineering, achieve high public presentation. Resources can be trained based on certain standards like the existent demand of developing to the campaigner, financess provided for preparation, necessity of bettering the work cognition, etc. Organizations follows different developing methods that includes, Computer-based Training which is cost effectual and self larning sort of preparation, Recreation type of Training which allows the trainee to acquire involved in practising the virtually designed environment by utilizing the known constructs in to existent state of affairss and Training by Instructor in which the trainer will present the needed cognition to the trainee. Employee Relationss HR has to be linked with assorted patterns followed to pull off the personals in the organisations in better manner. HR has to play cardinal function in placing employees issues and deciding them, effectual communicating, disposal, colonies, make up ones minding the exact organisational staffing demands, and to repair whether the employees on contract footing or lasting footing can carry through the work demands, engaging best resources within available rewards, etc. Human Resource Models HR scheme consists of five P s that includes Philosophy, Policies, Programs, Practices and Processes. It can be executed after repairing the coveted concern scheme to back up the selected spirited schemes. The HR scheme theoretical account s diagrammatic illustration can be studied from fig 1. Figure 1 Hierarchy of Strategic Decision Making The undermentioned theoretical accounts explain the influence of environment on HR scheme .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 , .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 .postImageUrl , .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 , .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588:hover , .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588:visited , .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588:active { border:0!important; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588:active , .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588 .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0a8e2999ec31d114fc9c5f4e65bbc588:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Psychophysics EssayFigure 2 Schemes of HRM The policies and patterns of an organisation s HRM must be adaptable to its competitory environment and with the concern conditions it faces. The Integration Concept has three facets. Associating of HR policies and patterns with the strategic direction procedure of the organisation Internalization of the importance of HR on the portion of line directors Integration of the work force into the organisation to further committedness or an identity of involvement with the strategic ends. Associating strategic direction procedure with HR policies and patterns of the organisation Internalization of the importance of HR on the portion of line directors Better the committedness or an identity of involvement with the strategic ends through work force integrating in to the organisation The Matching Model Organizational construction and HR systems are to be managed similar to that of organisational scheme . This is close to Chandler s ( 1962 ) differentiation between scheme and construction and his often-quoted axiom that structure follows scheme . In the Devanna et Al. theoretical account, HRM scheme construction follow and provender upon one another and are influenced by environmental forces ( figure 3 ) . Figure 3 Matching Model Human Resource Models This subdivision shows the nexus between organization/business scheme and HR scheme. Human resource schemes here average forms of determinations about HR policies used by direction in planing work and to choose, train, develop, appraise, to actuate and command workers. It consists of three theoretical accounts: Control Based Model: In this the direction proctors and command employee function public presentation. Resource Based Model: It is based on the nature employer employee exchange and, specifically on employee attitudes, the quality of director subsidiary relationship. Integrative Model: This theoretical account combines both Control Based and Resource Based theoretical accounts Control-Based Model This theoretical account is more specifically based on the managerial behaviour and to supervise employee public presentation. Harmonizing to this position, HR policies and schemes act as a tool and techniques to command all facets of work and obtain high degree of labour productiveness. Concentrating on monitoring and commanding employee public presentation has its roots in labor procedure of industrial sociologist . When organisations employ people, they have merely capacity to work. To guarantee that each and every employee works to his or her full capacity, directors must form the undertakings, infinite, minute of clip within which the employee works. Thomson and McHugh province that control is non an terminal in itself, but a means to transform the capacity to work established by the pay relation in profitable production The pick of HR scheme is governed by Variations in organisation signifiers Competitive presuure on direction Stability of labour markets The fluctuations in HR schemes reflects two logics: Process Based control focal points on efficiency and cost containment Outcomes based control focal points on existent consequences The Resource-Based Model This theoretical account is based on the wages attempt exchange, the grade to which directors view their employees every bit assets as opposed to variable cost. The amount of people s cognition, societal relationships serve as a beginning of competitory advantage. An organisation resource can be categorized as touchable and intangible. Here capablenesss mean the effectual usage of organisational resources. Harmonizing to SWOT analysis, the resource based perspective emphasizes on the internal strengths and extinguishing failings . Figure 4 The Integrative theoretical account: Bamberger and Meshoulam integrated the Control Based Model and Resource Based theoretical account to construct a new theoretical account that characterizes the two chief schemes of HR affecting acquisition and development and the venue of control , Acquisition and development are concerned about how the HR scheme increases internal human capital as opposed to external hiring. This is knows as the do or bargain scheme of HR Figure 5 shows, these two chief dimensions of HR scheme yield four different ideal types of dominant HR scheme: Figure 5 Dimensions of HR Strategy Commitment HR scheme: focal points on internal development of employees. Traditional HR scheme: focal points on external hiring. Collaborative HR scheme: Subcontracting the work to external experts and evaluation their public presentation based on the terminal consequence. Paternalistic HR scheme: Supplying internal publicities to employees and offering larning chances. Undertaking 2 Psychological Contract and the Foundation for Adaptive Schemes In the past employee trueness and consistent good work were rewarded through changing grade of occupation security. Presently, stableness and permanence were mostly replaced by changeless alteration. For organisations uninterrupted betterment, geting new accomplishments and employee cognition drama major function. In 1980 s fortune 500 companies faced stiff competition and shed 3.5million adult male power and this figure may hold reached 10million. If the work force realized that the companies are undergoing a alteration, the constituents are: Manpower Planning Manpower planning enables a section to be after its short and long term demands and adjust its adult male power needs harmonizing the demands. Manpower planning shows Available endowment and figure of new engaging have to be done. Bespeaking possible enlistings. Excess or lack in rankings or classs. Handiness of qualified and experient workers The two cardinal constituents of Manpower planning are Sequence Planing Employee turnover Sequence Planing This assesses the likely turnover in cardinal stations, placing the possible campaigners to make full these cardinal stations and guaranting that they have suited preparation and exposure in making their following degree. Succession planning is an of import exercising because it gives a subdivision or section an earlier warning on deficit of accomplishments and happening campaigners with suited accomplishments. A sequence program identifies: Cardinal stations and possible possible campaigners. Causes of turnover. Identifying the campaigners and supplying preparation. Alternate action, if no campaigner is identified. Employee turnover Due to the factors such as surrender or retirement a section may non be after for a turnover. But it can supervise turnover so that less troubles are faced in retaining the endowment. These troubles can be overcome by actuating, preparation and supplying growing chances. When turn toing sequence and turnover the section needs to see other factors such as external factors internal factors Recruitment When a section decides to engage manpower, it should place the sort of staff required, and the clip period. The general rules followed in civil services enlisting are: Use processs which are clearly understood by campaigners and which are unfastened to public examination ; .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 , .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 .postImageUrl , .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 , .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3:hover , .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3:visited , .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3:active { border:0!important; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3:active , .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3 .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u74ace115b1a4d31f137c6d72ae22aaf3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Business Information Systems EssayBe just, giving campaigners who meet the stipulated lower limit demands equal chance for choice ; and Select campaigners on the footing of virtue and ability. Use processs which are clearly understood by campaigners. Supplying equal chance for campaigners who meet the declared demands. Select campaigners based on virtue. Recruitment of abroad officers is undertaken merely when no or insufficient local campaigners are available. The three cardinal constituents of enlisting procedure are: Deciding on footings of assignment. Choice of campaigners. Probation. Deciding on Footings of Appointment After make up ones minding on class and clip period of the staff, the section needs to concentrate on footings of assignment, this should be drafted on the footing of nature of responsibilities to be performed and the duties to be carried out. The different footings of assignments footings are: Permanent and personable footings ; Agreement footings ; Impermanent footings ( month-by-month or daily ) ; Part-time ; Non-civil service assignment ; and Consultancy Choice of Campaigners Ad. Screening and Selection. Functions and Responsibilities. Flexibility. Probation During probation the campaigners are introduced to assorted sections of civil service and the aims of these sections are explained. During this stage a regular feedback on public presentation is provided. It includes On the occupation preparation Supervision and counsel Performance Management The aim of Performance Management is to increase the overall productiveness and effectivity of staff by increasing single potency. It is concerned with: Enhancing single and corporate public presentation. Reaching the direction outlooks. Bridging the spread between top direction and employees. Acknowledging and honoring employee public presentation Identifying and actuating the low acting employees. Supplying preparation to better their bing accomplishments. Cardinal Components Motivation The success of Human Resource Management lies in actuating the employees to make their highest public presentation degrees. The civil service has many coders to hike employee motive, which are discussed under staff dealingss subdivision. Principle: The basic rule in motive is that an effectual employee direction will convey out best from the employees of course. Procedures: Praising in public, admiting a well done undertaking or a positive provender back from top direction and allowing other staff to cognize the accomplishments of their equals. Performance Appraisal Performance assessment will measure an single public presentation over the assigned duties/tasks. It helps direction in placing strengths and failing, whether the campaigner can be promoted to following degree in the occupation hierarchy. The basic rules regulating public presentation assessment are: Jointly carried by single and supervisor. It s an on-going and uninterrupted procedure. Associating departmental aims to individual s public presentation. Outstanding public presentation does non guarantee an addition in rank or class. Performance assessment is done one time in a twelvemonth, except for officers on probation. Each section has their ain assessment ways. During the assessment procedure the aims are clearly listed for appraise and measuring officer. In the terminal the measuring officer will compose the appraisal and sends it to countersigning officer for reappraisals. Promotion Promotion implies that an employee has necessary accomplishments, cognition degrees and attitude to execute good at following higher rank. During assessment accomplishments, experience and potency are considered. The assessment procedure is just and transparent. Promotion Procedures: Department Heads invite employees to use for publicity and even let them to choose out of publicity. As a general regulation publicity boards should Be crystalline Supply an equal chance for all the eligible officers Where the staff studies are inconsistent and non crystalline, promotional interviews are held to supplement these studies. Guidance and Supervision Continuous counsel and supervising will assist employees to execute good therefore doing them eligible for publicity, it besides assists underperforming employee. Guidance and feedback improves the public presentation and removes the blocks in growing of advancement. A feedback should be Immediate Balanced Specific and constructive Training and Development Training and development improves the accomplishments of civil retainers and makes them to execute good in their responsibilities. A strategic attack has the undermentioned features. Committedness in preparation and developing the people. Continuous analysis of demands and staff accomplishments. Maping preparation and development to departmental ends. Choosing experts in preparation Identifying assorted preparation and development manners. Training Departments have their ain preparation methodological analysis and transport out this efficaciously. Management designs developing policies and programs that meet and support departmental aims and values. To guarantee staff development occurs, directors identify developing demands, activities and supply necessary preparation resources. It is the duty of staff to use the preparation to increase their potencies and accomplishments. Development The intent of the calling development is to heighten the accomplishments of the staff and fix them to take high duties. Career development must equilibrate between the demands of an single and with the demands of service. Staff Relationss To maximise the cooperation from staff and actuate them to convey out best from them, direction ensures that there is an effectual communicating channel between top direction and staff. This will enable civil retainers be reasonably treated and, how determinations affect them. The rules that govern staff dealingss are: Transparency in communicating Consulting staff on affairs that affects them. Deciding differences through treatments. The Government should continue the declarations of the International Labor Organization conventions Planing and encouraging activities for good being of staff. Management Information System A Management Information System helps in systematic aggregation of information so that sections can supervise the effectivity of assorted HRM policies. Accurate information helps HRM to: Monitor and enhance HRM Supply up-to-date information for policy development. The Way Ahead Human Resource Management is an on-going and uninterrupted undertaking, the challenge in front is to take new enterprises and programs for better direction of people, actuating them in making the ends, so that they will go on to give their best in these altering times. Advantages of Human Resource Planning Bettering the productiveness of staff. Hiring a good qualified HR. Implementing quickly altering engineerings. Reducing employee abrasion. Controling preparation and enlisting costs. Dainty employees as corporate aids. Restriction of HRP Time and Expensive Inefficient Information systems Resistance from employees Decision As more figure of organisations are take parting in international concern, the range and demand of HRM continues to increase. Hence it is of import for HR professional to get by up with latest tendencies and engineerings in pull offing the people, giving public presentation assessments, supplying preparation and development plans, safety and healthy issues.

Union Bank of California essay

Union Bank of California essay Union Bank of California essay Union Bank of California essayDear Mrs. Clemmons,The Union Bank of California has been in business for years and has a mandate to ensure customer satisfaction. This is through the enactment of different departments that cater for the dissimilar needs of clients. The bank is aware that honest mistakes are sometimes inevitable while making debits. Machines and merchants are sometimes exposed to errors due to system irregularities. Therefore company remains open-minded and ready to correct such situations. It has a fool proof system in charge of rectifying such issues.   The company’s ATM Error Resolution Department sorts out any problems that occur while using credit cards. This is in line with its duty to ensure that customers are not short-changed or overcharged while buying goods. The department banks on giving the customers up-to-speed solutions when errors occur.It is greatly relished that you have always chosen to do your shopping using our service. The business apprecia tes your loyalty and consistency in providing trade for our company. The company also acknowledges that the machines are sometimes susceptible to errors. There are candid slip-ups that happen when a merchant runs a customer’s check debit card two or three times through the credit card machine. In such situations the appliance has already made the transaction while the merchant remains oblivious. It results to several charges on the same goods hence great loses for the consumer. Sadly, the consumers are uninformed that they made numerous purchases. They only realize it when they get their bank statements and get frustrated. However, the management expresses that it is unable to accept your application due to the fact that the transactions reference numbers are valid.The report depicts that there were several purchases made from different stores the same day.   In such a case the transaction number does not change within a twenty four hour period.   Thus, the suspicions tha t the transaction might have been replicated erroneously. Additionally, the three dealings statement point out that debits had different amounts: $23.02, $120.10, and $43.19. This circumstance does not refer to a multiple-card-swipe error. Finally, the claims did not have attached receipts that are necessary for follow up.   Receipts are viewed as important pieces of evidence that provide easier referencing.The Union Bank of California is committed to ensuring that our customers get the best experience at all times. As a result it has a valuable recovery system that checks and corrects the transaction mistakes.   The bank’s tele-service department records the clients’ complaints and issues claim numbers. Moreover, it informs the consumers that they must send the department a signed and dated claim letter. The notification should portray the situation and enclose copies of receipts. The section notifies the client of the decision in a period of ten to twenty busines s days. There is a corrective measure that credits the accounts respectively. It ensures that the clients receive the full amounts that were billed erroneously.The business really values your concern and appreciates your prudence in reporting the suspected mishap. It believes that you will eventually concur with the report issued. Consequently, it will be eagerly waiting to hear from you Mrs. Clemmons. This is because at the Union bank of California the customer views always matter.Thank you for your time and patience.Sincerely, Operations Manager,Union bank of California

Security of Digital Signatures Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Security of Digital Signatures - Research Paper Example We will discuss the history of cryptography as it was initially the first concept that derived digital signatures and encryption algorithms. Moreover, we will discuss the nature, privacy and implementation of digital signatures. Furthermore, we will discuss new tools, techniques, methods and standards that are used along with the drawbacks associated with digital signatures. Introduction and History Even today, where every technology interrelated to Information technology involves the ‘.com’ phenomenon; Internet is relatively an evolving field, which is constantly changing. Extensive use of computing technology has aid different scale organizations to achieve targets. Every now and then, there is a news of a major security breach resulting in an invasion of personal privacy data such as credit card details, emails and vice versa. In spite of securing the networks, workstations and data centers, with the most updated and advanced security modules, there is still a probabi lity of a new threat to break into the network and void data integrity. In addition, hackers and cyber criminals are exploring efficient codes day by day to advance the hacking tools, in order to breach in to classified information, banks and website customer details, steal emails etc. In the end, the mission critical data are compromised, resulting in severe losses for organizations. In this report we will focus on digital signatures and their importance as well as the history, current state, and challenges that still need to be overcome. The concept for safeguarding messages with cryptography has a brief history, as Julius Caesar is considered to be one of the first cryptographic system inventors (Strauss,). Likewise, the system was utilized for transmitting military messages to generals. However, there is one issue that has prevented cryptography to be used globally and i.e. The problem of key management. In the scope of cryptography, keys are numerical values that are the inputs of algorithms that are used for modifying information to make it encapsulated and secure, and to make it visible only to the people possessing the required key to decrypt the message and make it visible. Accordingly, the key management concept incorporates safeguards keys and protects them from unauthorized use, as they will only be visible to users only when and where they required. Similarly, the origin of digital signatures came over 100 years ago when people started using Morse code along with the telegraph for electronically exchanging contracts. Likewise, a validated version of electronic signatures emerged from the New Hampshire Supreme Court in the year 1869 (The history of electronic signature laws, n.d), as it states: "It makes no difference whether [the telegraph] operator writes the offer or the acceptance in the presence of his principal and by his express direction, with a steel pen an inch long attached to an ordinary pen holder, or whether his pen be a copper wire a thousand miles long. In either case the thought is communicated to the paper by the use of the finger resting upon the pen; nor does it make any difference that in one case common record ink is used, while in the other case a more subtle fluid, known as electricity, performs the same office." However, another invention followed that facilitated electronic signatures to be used in everyday life involved in the digital exchange of data or

MGT501 - Management and Organizational Behavior Mod 4 Case Assignment Essay

MGT501 - Management and Organizational Behavior Mod 4 Case Assignment - Essay Example There are no things present in a corporation that are not part of the culture. All things are. Now, that may mean that they negatively affect or positively affect the culture but they are still part of it. The culture consists of attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of social and ethnic groups as well as patterns of language, dress, eating habits, activities of daily living, and attitudes. It also includes attitudes toward other culture, health beliefs and values, spiritual beliefs or religious orientation and attitudes toward children, women, men, marriage, education, work and recreation (Chitty & Black, 2007). As one can see culture is all that we are personally as well as corporately. Organizational culture is a cross-section of all of the cultures that its employees bring with them. National culture is just that. For example, the United States has a totally different culture than Mexico but a Mexican-American organization has a culture that is part of both cultures brought by the employees and blended. Corporate culture is a" set of common understandings of meanings that are shared by a group or system of knowledge, standards and beliefs."(au.af) All employees are affected by the overall corporate culture. However, employees and managers are different subcultures of the corporate culture. The management staff have a culture of their own in which they have behaviors that are expected of them, values that they believe in and assumptions that they make. The same holds true of employees. The working staff is a combination of the two in which there is a blending of the managements beliefs and the employees beliefs. In the Culture Crash case study there were some truly important differences in the cultures of the management staff and the employees. In this case the cultures were so different that the employees did not know what to expect when the merger first happened. However, eventually they merged into the culture provided and

The Benefits, Pitfalls, and Challenges of Special Needs Students Essay

The Benefits, Pitfalls, and Challenges of Special Needs Students Accessing the General Curriculum - Essay Example It is common knowledge that the society in general is more concerned with academic competence of normal students. But one factor that cannot be ignored by society is that there is a group of young people (male or female) who might need a certain amount of special attendance so that the teaching profession can attain a special status that stands apart from formal teaching procedures. This paper attempts to review such a stand which takes into consideration legal, moral, and social aspects with regard to children challenged with any form of disability and attempts to bind or conform a general curriculum which such children could be exposed to. The practical implementation of the needs of special needs students: The 1997 amendments to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) made it clear that each student’s Individualized Education Program (IEP) should clearly describe how the learner’s â€Å"disability affects the child’s involvement with and progre ss in the general curriculum† and what â€Å"services, program modifications, and supports necessary for the child to be involved in and progress in the general curriculum† (Wehmeyer, Agran & Lattin, 2001, p. 327). These guidelines have prompted educators to reconsider how the educational programs of special needs students are designed and carried out. ... efforts should be undertaken to ensure that no misapplication or overemphasis of any component of standards-based reform must occur in the teaching learning process. The authors argue that special needs students are just like others and these learners achieve challenging standards only when there is higher expectation is demanded from them. However, there is also the danger of setting high standards and narrowing the curriculum to core content areas resulting in higher dropout rate among such special needs learners who already have difficulty and subsequent previous experiences of failure. The rationale to offer special needs students access to the general curriculum seeks â€Å"to ensure that all students have access to a challenging curriculum, to ensure that all students are held to high expectations, and to ensure that students with disabilities are not left out of the accountability system being established for schools† (Wehmeyer, Agran & Lattin, 2001, p. 330). It can be noticed that parental and teacher expectations are low for students with special needs. Therefore, it is essential that special needs children are offered such educational programs that challenge them and that everyone, including the teachers and parents, holds high expectations for their achievement. The question whether special education curriculum or the general curriculum is best suitable for special needs learners is worth analyzing. It is true that a general curriculum makes neither distinction nor marginalization among the learners. While general curriculum offers equal educational opportunities for everyone, its competency to offer Individualized Education Programs for the special needs children is quite debatable. Therefore, it is imperative that the general curriculum is â€Å"adapted,

The Adverse Effects Of Pornography Sociology Essay

The Adverse Effects Of Pornography Sociology Essay The long-standing issues on pornography have been present in every generation and have undeniably caused much negative effects on the way people viewed sexuality and their relationships to the opposite sex. As the spread of different kinds of technologies increased further, especially as the use of computers and the Internet became more prominent in the lives of the adolescents, the problems and issues on pornography worsened even more (Ybarra, M. Mitchell, K., 2005). The increase in access of young children and the adolescents to the use of Internet and the viewing of pornographic sites has posed serious threats and harm over the psychological and social development of these people (Mesch, G. S., 2006). Because of pornography, the healthy views of young people on sexuality becomes distorted, making themselves slaves to selfish sexual gratification and losing their respect to themselves and to other people, especially among women. Pornography also paints a distorted picture of the conjugal act which is meant to be sacred and is only legitimized within the context of marriage. Moreover, it destroys the foundation of purity, respect and love which fuels and drives relationships like marriage and family (Fagan, P. 2010). Given this issue on the faster spread of pornography, the issue indeed calls for immediate appropriate actions from both the families and the bigger society. Apparently, there is a need to identify the adverse effects of pornography on an adolescent, how it destroys and distorts his or her healthy view on sexuality as well as the proper use of that sexuality. Moreover, there is also a need to identify the importance for an adolescent to have a healthy sexual attitude and state the repercussions of having such an attitude on the society and the persons he/she deals with (Fagan, P. 2010). Statement of the Problem and Sub-Problems This paper on The Adverse Effects of Pornography on an Adolescents Healthy Sexual Attitude Development aims to disclose the long list of the adverse effects of pornography on the lives of adolescent both males and females aged 12 to 18 years old and identify the means on how pornography is most often accessed by these adolescents. This paper will also attempt to describe and emphasize the importance of having a healthy sexual attitude among the adolescents and how having this kind of right attitude will improve their notion of respect, love and relationships. Specifically, this paper will attempt to identify and address the following problems and sub-problems on pornography: What is pornography? What are the types of materials considered as pornographic? How do adolescents, both males and females aged 12 to 17 years old, access these pornographic materials? Why do these adolescents resort to viewing these pornographic materials? What are the adverse effects of pornography on an adolescent? What is a healthy sexual attitude? How important is having a healthy sexual attitude among adolescents? How do the adverse effects of pornography affect adolescents healthy sexual attitude development? Hypothesis In this research study on The Adverse Effects of Pornography on an Adolescents Healthy Sexual Attitude Development, the following hypotheses will be answered and addressed: Hypothesis1: If the adolescents would be more exposed to pornography, then there is a higher level of adverse effect on their sexual attitude Hypothesis2: If the adolescents carry a negative sexual attitude, then this was most likely triggered by pornography Hypothesis3: If the adolescents would not be exposed to pornography, then the adolescent would have a healthy sexual attitude Hypothesis4: If the adolescents possess a positive sexual attitude, then this was because the adolescent was not exposed to pornography Delimitations The scope of this study will merely involve respondents who are males and females, 12 to 18 years old, and within the adolescent stage. Since the prevalence of this issue or problem is most rampant in this stage of life, the researcher chose to limit the study to identifying the adverse effects of pornography among these young adolescents. This research study will not however cover the adverse effects of pornography on young adults whose access and viewership of pornography is also quite high. The researcher assumes that the level of maturity and freedom to make a choice is what separates the young adults from the adolescents wherein the latter needs more supervision and guidance than the former. The sole focus of this research will also be on how the adverse effects of pornography destroy or distort the sexual attitude development of adolescents and will not include some other repercussions like for instance, the sexual abuses committed by adolescents due to pornography. Definition of Terms 1Adolescent (noun) the process or state of growing up; a period in life characterized by many changes in the biological, emotional and psychological make-up of a person; usually referred to as the period in life between puberty and maturity; a major stage of development in a person life usually occurring between 12 to 18 years old 2Adverse (adjective) a result contrary to ones interest or expectations; something harmful and unfavorable; detrimental 3Casual Sex (noun) doing the sexual act with a person whom one is not committed to; having sex with another person without any plans of going into a long term relationship with that person; an act of fornication 4Conjugal Act (noun) -pertains to the sexual communion of a man and a woman within the bounds of marriage; sexual intercourse by a wife and a husband 5Digital Media (noun) content that was digitized in terms of content, audio and graphics and is transferred to other computer networks or over the internet 6Internet (noun) huge network of computers linked with all the other computer networks around the world; uses various communication protocols to access, send or receive data about almost anything to other computer networks 7Pornography (noun) refers to the magazines, photographs or books and even music or art that is design to stimulate sexual desires and impulses by depicting nudity or forms of sexual intercourse 8Sexuality (noun) refers to how the people experience sexual desires and their capacities to express themselves as sexual beings Assumptions Several underlying assumptions were derived by the researcher out of this research study on The Adverse Effects of Pornography on an Adolescents Healthy Sexual Attitude Development and these are the following: That an adolescents sexual attitude is directly linked to the extent of exposure to pornography an adolescent had That an adolescent who was not exposed to pornography will have a relatively healthier sexual attitude That an adolescent who has a negative sexual attitude has been more exposed to pornography That an adolescent who has a positive sexual attitude has been exposed less to pornography Importance of Study This research study is aimed at exposing the very sensitive issue on pornography out in the open to increase the awareness of adolescents on the adverse effects of viewing pornographies and how this act leads to a complete distortion of their views on relationships and their sexuality. This research study intends to educate and inform both the adolescents, their families and societies on the damage that pornography does to the sexual attitudes of these young people as well as inform them on the specific action steps to be taken in order to immediately address this issue on pornography and totally minimize or prevent them from accessing these materials. III. Data and Treatment of Data A. Data needed and the means for obtaining the data Both qualitative and quantitative data will be derived from this research study. Both data will detail the adverse effects of pornography on the lives of adolescent both males and females aged 12 to 18 years old. Furthermore, the acquired data from these respondents will identify the means on how pornography is most often accessed by these adolescents, why they access pornographic materials and how often they access and view pornographic materials given a certain period of time. Both qualitative and quantitative data for this research study will be obtained via the series of in-depth interviews that will be conducted by the researcher as well the survey questionnaires that will be provided to the chosen respondents. B. Research Methodology Qualitative and quantitative research studies will be conducted for this research study to determine the different and most predominant adverse effects of pornography on adolescents, 12 to 18 years old and how these adverse effects disrupt the healthy sexual development of these adolescents. A substantial amount of 500 respondents, males and females, most high school and college students will be randomly selected from various schools and universities to participate in the study. The qualifications include the demographics assessment as well as the behavioral qualification of having been exposed to pornography either accidentally or willfully for at least three times. Out of the 500 randomly selected respondents, a survey questionnaire will be floated to probe on the habits and day to day activities of these adolescents and how they get to access or view pornography. Then each of the 500 respondents will undergo in-depth interviews via telephone to maintain confidentiality and build trust and comfort with the interviewers as sensitive questions will be asked of them regarding their pornographic viewing and the apparent adverse effects of this act on them. C. Specific treatment of the data for each sub problem Data obtained will then be inputted in the SPSS or the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for a much clearer and accurate data analysis. The measures will be carefully weighed by using this appropriate statistical tool and the measures will as well be analyzed strictly. IV. Qualifications of the researcher and any assistants The researchers and the assistants she will be hiring for this research study will come from various market research agencies who have had previous experience in conducting consumer and respondent interviews and survey data gathering on sensitive issues related to pornography. This is to build the trust, confidentiality and comfort of the respondents in sharing their experiences on pornography. V. Outline of the proposed study (steps to be taken, timeline, etc) After six months of the data gathering procedure and the tabulation of results and findings of the study, information dissemination will commence on the sixth month. This is to inform the beneficiaries of the study of the real adverse effects of pornography among adolescents in order for them to conduct awareness and solution-oriented programs to address this issue. VII. Appendices The appendices part shall include the various tables and graphs collated from the literature reviews and related studies gathered for this research study. II. Review of Related Literature Pornography Definition According to Zillman, D Bryant, J. (1989), pornography has been with the people for the longest time and is possibly as old as the existence of prostitution since the ancient days. In terms of the passing and exchange of sexual information, different cultures vary in their tolerance level. Some cultures embrace pornography more than other conservative cultures. There are some cultures who consider the oppression of sexual behavior and desires a violation of the human rights to freedom while there are other cultures who object violently on the existence of pornography as it causes harmful effects on the minds of the people. Zillman, D Bryant, J. (1989) points out that the development in technologies further aggravated the issue on pornography. During the ancient days, it was found out that only the rich and the privileged few have direct access on drawings and written works which stimulate the sexual impulses of people. But today, videos of all kinds of sexual acts circulating over the internet have already been rampant enough that anyone can freely access them anytime. Not only adults but more and more adolescents are given the freedom to sneak a peek on these sexual videos which poison the minds of the young. In every culture in the world, the depictions of sexual acts on literary works, drawings, music and art have been long before readily accessible and have already been widely circulated. Different forms of sexual depictions are being defined and classified by people as either pornographic or not depending on the cultures interpretations. Nevertheless, experts say that these depictions still create adverse or harmful effects on the pure minds of the young which should never be tolerated (Zillman, D Bryant, J., 1989). According to Hyde, M (1964), pornography is defined as any explicit and clear portrayal of a sexual activity or suggestive sexual objects which are used for the purposes of stimulating sexual desires and heightening the sexual impulses of people. Hyde, M (1964) however stresses that the live portrayal of these sexual activities are not anymore considered pornography since a pornography only shows the depiction and not the actual sexual act itself. The portrayal of these pornographic images are most commonly found magazines, books, photos, paintings, music, videos, or even video games. Given these, the accessibility of pornographic materials are very easy and do not require much of an effort. Nowadays, even children below 5 years old can easily access these materials via the Internet (Hyde, M., 1964). B. Types of Pornographic Materials Since apparently, pornographic materials manifest itself in different forms, it is important to also enumerate in detail the tools or vehicles most often used by people to show pornography. Knowledge of this matter is very important as some people, because of the lack of understanding, accidentally jump on a pornographic page or site and become hooked with it. The purpose of knowing the various types of pornographic materials is important so that people will avoid these sexual materials and not be tempted to view them. 1. Print Pornography In the 1950s, print pornography was quite popular among the Americans as men found it more exciting to view nude women in pornographic books and literatures. During that time, the open and explicit depiction of sexual acts was taboo and people found it improper to use vulgar sexual terms. In the 1960s, still photography of nude women became more popular. Furthermore, people were already open to publicly displaying and buying these pornographic materials. Artists and painters defended their paintings and art works displaying nudity as merely works of art. By 1970s, magazines depicting pornography, homosexual activities and sexual violence became popular as well (Zillman, D Bryant, J., 1989). In the 1990s, print pornography further grew in circulation, became more accessible to both men and women and the taste of people for what is obscene and what is not obscene became less strict and more tolerant. Up until the year 2000, print pornography has already reached the height of popularity of print pornography that sellers and distributors of these books and magazines already became rich by merely selling and circulating these sexual materials. Despite the high awareness of people on the adverse effects of pornography on the society, these distributors and sellers still ignore them as the financial returns to their business are so great that majority of these pornography distributors are already included in the worlds wealthiest and highly-recognized businesses (New York Times, 2000). 2. Novels Pornography Stories and confessions about sexual adventures and the narration of very explicit sexual details also became rampant in novels and magazines since the 1950s. These fictional sex stories, sometimes even accompanied by photographs depicting sexual activities have also caught the eye and interest of the people that pornography became one of the driving factors why novels and magazines have been selling like hotcakes ever since. In a study conducted by five different publishers on rate of sexual content and promiscuity among novels, a big percentage of the stories depicted sexual content with 60% portrayals on kissing and 63% portrayals on sexual act itself (Zillman, D Bryant, J., 1989). 3. Books Pornography In the 1970s, quite a big number of paperback books were discovered to contain sexually implicit content including obvious depictions of sexual activities as well as compilations of literatures containing sexual images. While these may be purchased secretly or under the counter, a great number of these reading materials are still accessible to any person whether young or old. Oftentimes, these sexual literatures even disguise itself in the form of a book but the content is definitely purely sexual. There were also various studies conducted in the past that books and writers were slowly increasing sexual content in their literary works in order to catch the interest of people (Zillman, D Bryant, J., 1989). 4. Magazine Pornography Magazine pornography may undeniably be the most popular form of pornography prior to the Internet age. The legality of selling sexual magazines has long been a subject of debate by several concerned institutions as magazines are very accessible to all age groups. In fact the biggest distributors of sexual depictions on magazines are also the richest corporations of today due to the wide circulation and readership rates of pornographic magazines. Magazines such as the Playboy has also become a household name already since many people, especially men, have experienced buying this magazine at least once in their life. It is not surprising therefore to know that men are the most avid users and buyers of these magazines which show nude women models. In a study conducted in the past, 35% of the magazine contents were contents related to women (Zillman, D Bryant, J., 1989). 5. Internet Pornography According to Singel, R. (2004), the wide accessibility of the internet at home is what led to the popularity of internet pornography. The term internet pornography was according to various researchers, undeniably the worst form of addiction which is now rampant among adolescents. Researchers in a recent Senate Hearing revealed that the pornography in the Internet is now the newest form of drugs to the young people leading to other worse forms of addiction such as fornication, misogyny, boob jobs and various forms of sexual abuses. According to Mary Layden of the University of Pennsylvania, internet porn is possibly the worst form of addiction that distorts both the psychological and sexual health of people, especially the young ones. She referred to internet porn as a drug and the internet as a drug delivery system which remains undetected since people are not known when they engage in it. Also, internet pornography is free and is very much available 24/7 that even young children can access it (Singel, R., 2004). All these types of pornographic materials are needless to say, the best examples of pornography and are easily detected based on their form and content. Any explicit depictions of sexual activities and sexual objects as well as nudity and sexual violence are considered pornographic whatever the media vehicle or tool is used. Forms of Pornography Access According to Ybarra, M. Mitchell, K. (2005), the Internet remains to be the most popular and easiest form of accessing pornography. The fact that Internet is readily available and free increased its prominence and use among the young people especially in accessing various websites on pornography. A growing number of children reportedly have accessed pornography either accidentally or willfully as some of their friends did and the negative repercussions of this among children and adolescents are uncontrollable and definitely controversial. Vast number of studies related to pornography has already been conducted over the past years. Apparently, the results reflected that the Internet is the most popular form of accessing porn among adolescents. In the United States alone, 90% of adolescents aged 12 to 18 have Internet access at home and a vast majority of them have either visited a pornographic website accidentally or intentionally at least once in their adolescent life. Studies revealed as well that since the pornographic websites are free and the readers/viewers remain undetected or anonymous, adolescents became fond of accessing these websites (Ybarra, M. Mitchell, K., 2005). What was quite alarming though was the growing number of adolescents accessing porn websites in the Internet purposefully. 15% of these adolescents have even resorted to lying about their age in order to gain access to these websites. On the other hand, it was also interesting to know that about the same percentage as the adolescent porn viewers are also adult male viewers of pornography. Moreover, the studies revealed that the reasons why accessing pornography over the Internet was the most popular, were anonymity, unlimited access and the less strict requirements of getting in to a website. Nevertheless, aside from the Internet, other forms of pornography access are also popular among the adolescents. Some of these are via watching pornographic movies or videos and reading x-rated books and magazines (Ybarra, M. Mitchell, K., 2005). D. Why Adolescents View Pornography According to Batty (2004), recent researchers showed that majority of the adolescents of today have already come into contact with pornography in the Internet. Surprisingly, 57% of the youth today aged 12 to 18 years old have already seen or accessed pornographic sites online either accidentally or purposefully. Most parents are not aware of this shocking reality that even young children at the age of 10 have also reportedly sought pornography over the Internet because of several reasons and one of which is curiosity. Apparently, sexual issues and encounters relating to sexuality are still not being comfortably opened up within the family. Sex is still a taboo topic for many families that their children seek guidance and direction from their friends rather than their parents when it comes to this matter. This leads these children to wrong notions of sex and the wrong use of their sexuality because of the lack of proper guidance and knowledge. Studies also revealed that 1/3 of the adolescents today have had nasty sexual comments from other people which led them to become curious about sexual matters (Batty, 2004). Furthermore, the lack of proper guidance and education about sexuality issues from the adolescents parents and the lack of time spent at home by the parents is most likely the root cause of all these pornography-seeking acts committed by adolescents as the studies revealed (Batty, 2004). E. The Adverse Effects of Pornography to an Adolescent According to Fagan (2010), pornography poisons the mind by presenting a false and distorted view of the reality specifically about love, life and relationships, and even women. People become self-seeking and abusive as they desire more to quench their burning sexual desires in the most unnatural ways. Aside from this direct effect, there is still quite a long list of adverse effects that pornography causes on the life of an adolescent and some of these are the following: Distorted notion or perception on sex- pornography paints a distorted image of sex as harsh yet fun forms of recreational activities presenting women as mere sexual objects. It also perpetuates the notion that any kind of sexual activity is permissible and that sex has no negative consequences on the part of the people involved in the activity. Negative notion that women are mere sex object- exposures to pornography can very much lead the adolescents to thinking that women are not meant to be respected and that they are meant to be used for sexual purposes only. Moreover, sexual violence which are usually contained in pornographic films, suggest that women enjoy and want to be raped and that the act of rape is also permissible Sexual addiction- pornography increases the likelihood of the adolescents committing pre-marital sex and any other kind of sexual activity which can lead to teen pregnancy and the spread of sexual diseases Abuse and other forms of aggression- pornography paints a distorted picture of sexual enjoyment in the form of abuse whether that is sadism or masochism. This leads adolescents to think that sexually abusing someone is permissible and fun when in fact it is a form of sexual disorder Produces many sex offenders- pornography poisons the mind and creates an abnormal sexual disorder or desire in a persons mind leading that person to sexually abuse other people such as women and children Imitation of sexual behaviors- pornography leads adolescents to imitate what the sexual characters in the porn are doing whether that is good or bad. It increases the desire of adolescents to have sex even at the improper time Sexual trauma- while many pornography viewers find porn to be sexually stimulating, some adolescents find the sexual act depictions disturbing and fearful leading them to get traumatized and paranoid about sex which is also unhealthy Acceptance of Promiscuity- pornographic viewers also become desensitized when it comes to sexual issues and promiscuity. Slowly, they become more open and tolerant to sexual behaviors even on public Destroyed relationships with the opposite sex due to wrong perceptions on sex- pornography paints a picture that sexual desires and gratification are more exciting than having relationships. Hence, the adolescents might be led to thinking that forming relationships are merely means to an end of gaining selfish sexual satisfaction (Standing Together to Oppose Pornography, 2005). F. What it means to have a Healthy Sexual Attitude among the Adolescents Proper communication and guidance about the sexuality and other sexual issues are the sole responsibility of parents to their adolescent child. Naturally, the topic on sex and sexuality is quite embarrassing to be opened by a son or daughter to their parents. Nonetheless, without the proper channeling of these important information, a child would be led astray to seeking out the advice of his or friends who know nothing about sexuality as well (Avert, 2010). Having a sexual attitude simply means having a positive and mature view of sex and the reason why it was created as well as its main role or function. Certainly, sex is meant for procreation purposes as well as maintenance of the bond or intimacy between a husband and a wife. The healthy view of sex states that outside the commitment walls of marriage, sex would definitely lead to negative repercussions (Avert, 2010). As experienced by many adolescents or teenagers nowadays, sex outside of marriage has led them to become abusive, selfish and discontented. Some of them fell into the trap of teenage pregnancy and sexual addiction which destroyed their lives and their future. It is therefore important for these adolescents to be properly oriented about sex and sexuality at the right time by the right people, who are their parents. The parents are responsible for educating their children on what sex and sexuality is for, how to properly use them. The parents are also responsible to educate their children on the right time to use their sexuality, that is, within the bounds of marriage (Avert, 2010). It is also important that the parents are aware of their role on educating their children. Most of the time, parents do not stay long anymore at home and spend less and lesser time with their children leading these children to seek companionship and advice from other people who also are not capable of properly orienting them of this sensitive issue. Parents should also know that having a healthy sexual attitude among their children would save them from a lot of trouble and wrong decisions which could ultimately destroy their lives. In the same way, the adolescents must seek their parents advice on their sexuality because it is only their parents who can give them the best advice on this matter (Avert, 2010). How The Adverse Effects of Pornography Affect the Adolescents Healthy Sexual Attitude Development Pornography undeniably poisons the young minds of the adolescents leading them to think that sex is fun and exciting with no resulting responsibilities and consequences. According to S.T.O.P or the Standing Together to Oppose Pornography (2005), pornography destroys not only the healthy sexual attitude development of adolescents but also, and more importantly, their lives as a whole. This is because when an adolescent already becomes hooked and addicted to false sex imageries, it pollutes their mind leading them to make the wrong decisions which could range from anything related to sexually abusing a child or the opposite sex, i.e., committing rape and other abusive sexual acts just to satisfy their sexual desires. It could also lead the adolescents to degrade women and objectify them leading them to consider women as mere sexual objects intended for sexual pleasure. Because of this, these adolescents may just jump into relationships only to sexually gratify themselves and afterwards hurt women or worse, sexually offend women either in private or in public. Since pornography also paints a picture that sex is fun and good, adolescents are most likely to abuse it causing them to do other vices like drinking alcohol and taking drugs just to engage in all types of sexual activities like orgies and debauchery limitlessly (Fagan, 2010). Moreover, pornography teaches adolescents to be sexually violent to women in bed. It teaches them to become sadistic and masochistic which increases the likelihood of sexual abuses and other forms of sexual aggression inside and outside of bed. By filling their minds with all kinds of distorted sexual images, the adolescents are leading themselves to enslavement to their sexual desires and make them lose control of themselves, making themselves no longer capable of distinguishing what is wrong and what is right. Pornography leads them to destroy themselves and their future since every wrong decision that they commit may actually cause their future to crumble down once. Clearly, there is an immediate need to address this long-standing issue and prevent it from destroying the lives of these adolescents (Fagan, 2010).

The Philosophy of Filipino Culture

Philosophy of Filipino Culture May 20, 2010 Crossing Cultures: A Philosophical Reflection on Filipino Culture and Cultural Transition Experienced by Third Culture Kids Oh it's a mystery to me. We have a greed, with which we have agreed†¦ and you think you have to want more than you need†¦ until you have it all, you won't be free. Society, you're a crazy breed. I hope you're not lonely, without me. – Eddie Vedder (Society) In a world that is becoming increasingly smaller as globalization takes its universal toll on countries and cultures, the sentiments expressed in the lyrics of this song often resonate with the individual trying to find a sense of identity through society and feeling overwhelmed by it. As we have learned in class, an individual tries to concretize him/herself by acting in the world as a â€Å"dynamic X. † This characteristic, as explained by Max Scheller, is a universal factor inherent in everyone that drives us as humans to try to find our identity in a world that is constantly changing around us. Being a â€Å"Dynamic X† we ourselves are constantly changing, and we triangulate our sense of identity by comparing ourselves to the society around us to try and develop a sense of who we are through achievement, careers, personal preference of music, movies, literature and – most importantly – our name. It is through our name that we present ourselves and our capacity for historicity to the world. It is also through our name that we are known and recognized as part of a society. Considering the inherent characteristic of being a â€Å"Dynamic X† and how we use it to derive a ense of identity, the most influential factor which we use as a reference to triangulate our identity is culture. Culture, as we have learned in class, tells us how to be a person amongst others. The culture to which we are born into is something that we are affected by without having a conscious choice in how it affects us. As we develop into adults, we imbibe the cultural values, c ustoms and traits around us and form who we are through them. This process of imbibing a culture is forever ongoing, giving merit to the characteristic of being a â€Å"Dynamic X†. In its most general definition, culture can be seen as a code of systems and meanings which are unique amongst different diversities of people. Generally, most people are born and raised in one dominant culture to which they identify with as their own. Reflecting on this definition of culture and how we go about imbibing it as we develop our sense of identity, the question that this paper will attempt to answer is â€Å"what happens if a person grows up in several different cultures and how does it affect their own sense of identity? Falling into this unique and growing demographic, I personally have experienced growing up in several different cultures around the world. Being the son of a missionary couple, I have lived in three drastically different countries and cultures throughout my life. Having spent my early childhood years living in Jos, Nigeria, I assimilated into my identity certain â€Å"African† characteristics that I still feel have a hold on who I am today. Spending the bulk of my educational and developmental years here in the Philippines, I have also categorized my identity as being half-Filipino, an epiphany of sorts that only took place in my life after having experienced life alone in Philadelphia, PA U. S. A. All my life I have grown up with the mentality that the U. S is my â€Å"home. † Even though my mother is a full blooded Filipina, we were conditioned as children to believe that the U. S is where we would ultimately settle. This shaped my sense of identity significantly while growing up as I utomatically assumed that because I was an American citizen at birth I was 100% American. All that changed, however, when I graduated high school here in the Philippines and started college in the U. S. I soon found myself to be far different from the Americans around me. Several aspects of American culture, one that I associated as my own growing up, became increasingly difficult to relate to. I finally decided during my sophomor e year in college to move back to the Philippines to finish my studies. I regard that decision as one of the best ones I have made in my life. As I moved back here however, I also felt a severe distance and separation from the culture around me. This feeling led me to the realization that I was considerably different from people born exclusively into Filipino and American cultures. It was during my first months living back here that I realized I was a textbook example of what is known as a Third Culture Kid. According to sociologists David C. Pollock and Ruth E. Van Reken, a â€Å"Third Culture Kid (TCK) is a person who has spent a signfificant part of his or her developmental years outside the parent’s culture. The TCK builds relationships to all of the cultures, while not having full ownership in any. Although elements from each culture are assimilated into the TCK’s life experience, the sense of belonging is in relationship to others of similar background. † Throughout the last half of the 20th century, the TCK demographic has been growing significantly as international travel and commerce have been made extremely convenient. Being a type of identity, however, the TCK experience does not fully encapsulate what it means to be an individual, as the second sentence in the definition above points out. Lacking the option to â€Å"own† a culture or be fully recognized as a member of a society definitely affects the sense of individual identity of the TCK growing up. As experienced by me, the longing to be a fully integrated member of a culture or society can create extreme insecurities and dysfunctions in a person if they do not focus on the advantages of what a TCK identity has to offer the world. Using my TCK identity as a framework for understanding the Filipino culture, hich I consider now to be the closest to my heart in terms of who I am, I will attempt to reflect on certain aspects of it that I found difficult to relate with and transition into my own sense of identity. Looking at these difficulties I experienced while transitioning back into the Filipino culture, a better sense of who I am – the fundamental question of philosophy – can be achieved. Also, in regarding these observations as lessons learned on my part, I can better understand how I interact and deal with people here in the Philippines, which has been a longing of mine for quite some time now. The first aspect of Filipino culture that struck me as cultural barrier was Language. Even though I grew up here in the Philippines for the majority of my life, I was raised in an English speaking home and school system. Although I can understand Tagalog fluently, and speak it well enough to get around the city and hold casual conversations, my accent is what ultimately distinguishes me apart from other Filipinos. Filipino culture, while heavily influenced by American culture, is at the point were to fluently spoken English is somewhat looked down upon by the majority of the masses living here. A reason for this can obviously be found in the shift from English to Tagalog as the language used in the educational system that took place a couple decades ago. This attitude towards English speakers has also been enhanced due to the rise in BPO and call centers here in Manila. Having trained communication skills in two different call centers here, I can say with conviction that people who work there, a large and growing percentage of workers aged 19-35, have a subtle disdain for the language that makes it difficult for fluent speakers of English to be accepted as members of this culture and society. This, obviously makes sense since the national language of this country is and should always be Tagalog. It does, however, create difficulties when trying to transition into this culture; difficulties aided all the more by the fact that casual joking about English speakers (i. e. nosebleed jokes etc) have practically become a social norm. ( Reflecting on this cultural barrier as a TCK and Filipino citizen, I’ve come to realize the importance of language as a tool for the transmission of culture and values, as was stated in Berger and Lukmann’s article on Institutionalism. Having undergone two years of being made fun of (lightly) for my Kano accent while speaking Tagalog, I have also realized that my identity as a TCK can adapt to the cultural bantering with a healthier attitude now days. I no longer feel insecure about my â€Å"baluktot† Tagalog and have come to accept that the Filipino culture pokes fun of me without any malice – a characteristic of our culture that I have come to admire. Another aspect of the Filipino culture that I have had difficulty relating to and integrating into my own identity is the Shame-based aspect of it. Having gone to an American based international school system, my attitude towards confrontation and humor was definitively American. This differs drastically from the Filipino culture, where shame is regarded as the ultimate social taboo. In American culture, there is a mutual understanding that confrontation and directness is the norm when addressing issues between people. This trickles down into the humor of Americans, which is based on practical jokes and oriented more towards embarrassment. This difference in mentality can create a lot of offense to Filipinos. On the other hand, the shame based cultural aspect of the Philippines can also create confusion to Filipino-Americans like me, who have experienced instances where a â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† might not necessarily mean it. The confusion caused by this aspect of Filipino culture has dissipated over the time I’ve spent integrating myself into it. I feel now that my humor is more Filipino than American, and I can understand the dynamics of the shame based culture works. In general, I feel that overcoming this transition into Filipino culture has significantly helped me understand who I am as a Filipino-American. All in all, these aspects of Filipino culture, which have been overcome and assimilated by me have made me realize how much my identity is inclined and oriented towards this culture. Another aspect of culture that we learned about in class was that it changes after behavior changes. Being passed down from generation to generation, this characteristic also defines culture as constantly changing. The most significant realization that occurred to me about my identity as a TCK in relation to this definition of culture was that I have been more prepared to adapt and tackle change. As technology develops faster and faster, the rate of change in cultures worldwide increases. The unique advantage that I have as a TCK is that change and transition has been occurring in my life ever since I could remember. With the culture of ours gradually morphing into a culture of pressure to achieve, others who are not used to change and transition might not handle it as well as I can. This is the main advantage of being influenced by multiple cultures while growing up and I can say that as the world continues to demand individual responses to change, I am perhaps better equipped to handling them because of my TCK experience.

Are We Happier Than Our Forefathers?

Long years ago stress was never a part of anyone’s dictionary. However, today it is the most common word used by everyone ranging from a 13-year-old child to a 95 year old adult. What is the reason behind the frequent usage of this word in the modern times? Earlier, primitive man survived on bare essentials of life & yet he was stress free but today even though technology has gifted a luxurious life to man we are stressed. Earlier man had to roam from place to place in search of food & shelter. Today the modern man can even work by sitting at home through technologies like laptops & cellular phones. Yet today man has been confronted by various diseases & has to tackle stress. Why is it that a primitive man working several times harder than the modern man had time for pleasure activities but a modern man has to make work his leisure and work to no end. Technology & modern equipments were to make man’s life stress free & relaxed but instead it had has adverse effects on man’s life. A few centuries man had not even heard of fatal diseases like â€Å" aids† however today every research & technology is being to find a treatment for this disease. Man has found medicines & treatments for the tiniest of the creatures on this earth but yet has failed to discover a cure, which would save the life of a fellow mate. Science and technology has made it possible to reach the moon but is it of any use because we don’t have time to go & even meet out old parents who have taught us what a moon is & how to reach there. These facts make me think, â€Å" Are we happier than our forefathers? † in my opinion we are not as happy as they were. Our forefathers lived a stress free, contented & happy life but today these words are only seen in the dictionary. If we desire to live like our forefathers then it could only be possible in the Himalayas because in this world we require money for minimal needs & necessities & to earn that also we have to work very hard. Working hard would mean work during the day accompanied by work through the night. Is this called being happy?

Teaching Cinco de Mayo to Kids

Teaching Cinco de Mayo to Kids Cinco de Mayo! Its everyones favorite Mexican holiday, a chance to listen to cool music, grab some chips and salsa and maybe even speak some Spanish with friends. But whats it all about? Most folks know enough Spanish to understand that Cinco de Mayo is May fifth, so it must be a special date in history, but why do Mexicans celebrate that particular day? What is Cinco de Mayo? On Cinco de Mayo, Mexicans remember the Battle of Puebla, fought on May 5, 1862. On that day, Mexicans won an important battle against the French army, which was invading Mexico. Why Was France Invading Mexico? France had a long history of interfering in Mexicos business, dating back to the famous Pastry War of 1838. In 1862, Mexico was having big problems and owed money to other countries, mainly France. France invaded Mexico to try and get their money. Why is the Battle of Puebla So Famous? Basically, the battle is famous because the Mexicans werent supposed to win. The French army had about 6,000 soldiers and the Mexicans had only about 4,500. The French had better guns and were better trained. The French had already beaten the Mexicans a few times as they made their way to the city of Puebla, from which they planned to go to Mexico City. No one thought the Mexicans were going to win the battle†¦except maybe the Mexicans! What Happened at the Battle of Puebla? The Mexicans had made defenses around the city of Puebla. The French attacked three times, and each time they had to retreat. When the French cannons ran out of ammunition, the Mexican commander, Ignacio Zaragoza, ordered an attack. The Mexican attack forced the French to run away! The Mexicans cheered and President Benito Juarez said that May fifth would forever be a national holiday. Was That the End of the War? Unfortunately, no. The French army was driven off but not beaten. France sent a huge army of 27,000 soldiers to Mexico and this time they captured Mexico City. They put Maximilian of Austria in charge of Mexico and it was a few years before the Mexicans could kick the French out. So Cinco de Mayo isn't Mexico's Independence Day? Lots of people think so, but no. Mexico celebrates its Independence Day on September 16. Thats the day when in 1810 Father Miguel Hidalgo stood up in his church and said that the time had come for Mexico to be free from Spain. Thats how Mexicos battle for independence began. How Do Mexicans Celebrate Cinco de Mayo? Mexicans love Cinco de Mayo! Its a day that makes them feel very proud. There are parties, parades and lots of food. There are festivals with concerts and dancing. Mariachi bands are everywhere. Where Are the Best Places to Celebrate Cinco de Mayo? Of all the places in the world, the city of Puebla in Mexico is probably the best. After all, thats where the big battle was! Theres a huge parade and a re-enactment of the battle. There is also a mole festival. Mole, pronounced mo-lay, is a special food in Mexico. After Puebla, the best place to go for Cinco de Mayo is Los Angeles, California, where they have a big party every year. Is Cinco de Mayo a Big Deal in Mexico? It is, but September 16, Mexicos Independence Day, is a bigger holiday in most of Mexico than Cinco de Mayo. Cinco de Mayo is a bigger deal in other countries like the USA. Thats because Mexicans who live in other countries like to celebrate Cinco de Mayo and because most foreigners think its the most important Mexican holiday. Cinco de Mayo is surprisingly NOT a national holiday in Mexico, although its a local holiday in Puebla. How Can I Celebrate Cinco de Mayo? Thats easy! If you live in a city where there are a lot of Mexicans, there will be parties and festivals. If you dont, your local Mexican restaurant will probably have special food, decorations and maybe even a mariachi band! You can host a Cinco de Mayo party by getting some decorations, serving some Mexican food like chips, salsa and guacamole and playing Mexican music.

The Lie-Lay Confusion Explained

The Lie-Lay Confusion Explained Lay and lie are two words often interchanged mistakenly in business grammar. Lay means â€Å"to place.† Lie, as a verb, means â€Å"to recline or tell an untruth.† (Lie, as a noun, means a falsehood.) Lie, as a noun is generally clear, but the verb lie and the verb lay can be confusing. Lay (principal parts: lay, laid, laying) means â€Å"to put† or â€Å"to place† and needs an object to complete its meaning: * Please lay the brochures carefully on the desk. * I laid the two other notes there yesterday. * The sales manager is always laying the blame on his staff when sales drop. Lie (principal parts: lie, lay, lain, lying) means â€Å"recline or rest, or stay.† It can refer to either a person or thing as assuming or being in a reclining position. The verb â€Å"lie† cannot take an object: * Now he lies in bed most of the day, sulking about the lost sale. * The opportunities lay before us. * This RFP has lain unanswered for days. * Today’s mail is lying on the receptionist’s desk. Here is an easy tip to check your use of these verbs: substitute the word â€Å"place, placed, or placing (depending on grammar structure.) If the substitute fits, lay is correct. If not, use lie. Remember: Lay = place. To test this: *I will (lie or lay) down now. You would not write, â€Å"I will place down now.† So, this tells you readily that lay is correct in this sentence: â€Å"I will lay down now.† * I (laid or lay) the pad on his desk. â€Å"I placed the pad on his desk† makes sense, so, lay is correct in this sentence: â€Å"I laid the pad on the desk.† (past tense) * These files have (laid or lain) untouched for days. You would not write, â€Å"These files have placed untouched for days† so lie is correct: â€Å"These files have lain untouched.† Correct YourBusiness GrammarChallenges in this webinar.

Amusement Park Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Amusement Park - Case Study Example The change that would take place in the company after the proposed information system has been implemented successfully is summarized. The resources and involvement needed for the change is also described in the latter part. A self reflection at the end gives light to the expertise and foresightedness needed for an administrator in implementing an information system to change a key processing with its experience. In the diagnosis and the latter part of the work are based on theory and academic notion. "Veega Land, India's first water theme park, has since its inception been an irresistible attraction for hundreds of thousands of fun loving people of all ages from all over India. Spread over 30 acres of landscaped space, built to international standards and impeccably maintained, Veega Land has a mind boggling array of sophisticated rides to thrill anyone till one can't take any more" (Veega Land) Veega Land Amusement Park is situated in the outskirts of Bangalore City in the South Western part of India. It is about a 30 km west to the heart of the city. It is a well established company located in the capital city of the state. The park offers verity of Caravans and motor homes. There is a water theme park with quiet a number of rides for both children and adults. A visit to the park in fact can be an experience of the life time.Park also has a small shop which can be utilised to increase the revenue. Since the shop is with in the premises the products are sold at a high price. There are a number of games rooms for the children and adults who would be staying over night. The park could almost be filled to the brim during the peak season.The theme park as with all the companies of the same kind has lot of rides made for both children and adult. Especially the Veega maintains another park for the small kids alone. Thus the peak season of the year is being the summer holidays. I n spite of all the changes the company had down the years the company still remains to be a family business. It is owned and managed y the same person. 2. A System Based Diagnosis of the SituationThe issue is to improve the promotion process to stabilise the customers flow to a certain extend during the peak season and off season. A diagnosis of the current promotion process is needed in a unique knowledge based approach called INSPIRE which has been designed to help drive and implement change, to help managers to simultaneously harness innovation, and to control the organizational change process (Kawalek, 2009). The promotion proce

Competencies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Competencies - Assignment Example d nurse to combine knowledge from an assortment of fields such as humanities, health sciences, genetics, health economics and public health for constant improvement of the quality of care they deliver. They are also more qualified than their baccalaureate prepared counterparts to collect, analyze and interpret statistical data in order come up to identify problems within the health sector and design solutions to these issues. This paper discusses the competencies the masters’ prepared nurses acquire during the program and how they aid in improving the health sector. Nursing as an education and a profession is able to address some of the critical issues that arise in this evolving health care system. A study conducted in the USA showed that the US government could save up to 8.75 US dollars annually if hospitals used advanced practice nurses (APNs) in place of physicians for some medical cases. This way they can also plan for their career (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2007). They also help the consumers because they ensure that the service the patients they receive is of high quality and meets set standards. This paper will examine masters’ level competencies for determining the areas that need improvement and if they are still viable given the health care system. I will hence discuss competencies from the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), Quality, and Safety Education for Nursing (QSEN) and National League for Nursing (NLN). The AACN outlines master-level competencies for adult nurse practitioners that add to the core competencies for all nurse practitioners (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2007). The adult nurse is the provider of direct health care services. Within this role, the nurse applies nursing theories, scientific knowledge, and contemporary clinical knowledge to assess and manage the health and illness state of a patient. In the assessment of health, the adult nurse practitioner assesses all aspects